A property defect is a fault in a building, component or installation. A defect can be visible or hidden; the narrower term “latent defect” refers to a hidden problem. The two terms are not interchangeable.
Separate the observation from the cause
A ceiling stain is an observation. Failed flashing, a plumbing leak or another condition may be its cause. A useful assessment records what was found, where it was found and what remains uncertain, instead of assuming the cause from the surface appearance.
Planning repairs
Keep inspection notes, photographs and previous repair records. Ask the proposed scope to distinguish investigation, correction of the source and replacement of damaged finishes. An observation made during restoration does not by itself establish when a defect began or who is responsible.
Discuss residential repairs or commercial construction with the findings available.